![]() ![]() We finally identified 21 GM food-related adverse events involving 7 GM events (NK603 × MON810 maize, GTS 40-3-2 soybean, NK603 maize, MON863 maize, MON810 maize, MON863 × MON810 × NK603 maize and GM Shanyou 63 rice), which had all been on regulatory approval in some countries/regions. No significant differences were found in the adverse event reporting rates either between industry and government funding ( χ 2 = 2.286, P = 0.131), industry and non-industry funding ( χ 2 = 1.761, P = 0.185) or funded and non-funded articles ( χ 2 = 0.491, P = 0.483). Among the 204 studies, 59.46% of adverse events (22 of 37) were serious adverse events from 16 animal studies (7.84%). Minor illnesses were reported in the human trial. The study quality was all assessed as being unclear or having a high risk of bias. One crossover trial in humans and 203 animal studies from 179 articles met the inclusion criteria. We used the Chi-square test to compare the adverse event reporting rates in articles funded by industry funding, government funding or unfunded articles. ![]() Two authors independently identified eligible studies, assessed the study quality, and extracted data on the name of the periodical, author and affiliation, literature type, the theme of the study, publication year, funding, sample size, target population characteristics, type of the intervention/exposure, outcomes and outcome measures, and details of adverse effects/events. Seven electronic databases were searched from January 1st 1983 till July 11th 2020 for in vivo, animal and human studies on the incidence of adverse effects/events of GM products consumption. A systematic review of animal and human studies was conducted on genetically modified (GM) food consumption to assess its safety in terms of adverse effects/events to inform public concerns and future research. ![]()
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